Find equivalent fractions and understand that they have the same value and the same position in the linear number system (1)

Pupils must understand that more than one fraction can describe the same portion of a quantity, shape or measure. They should begin with an example where one of the fractions is a unit fraction, and the connection to the equivalent fraction uses known multiplication table facts. Pupils should learn that 2 different fractions describing the same portion of the whole share the same position on a number line, have the same numerical value and are called equivalent fractions. Pupils need to understand that equivalent fractions, such as 1/4 and 3/12, have the same numerical value because the numerator and denominator within each fraction have the same proportional relationship. In each case the numerator is 1/4 of the denominator (and the denominator is 4 times the numerator). Language focus: “1/4 and 3/12 are equivalent because 1 is the same portion of 4 as 3 is of 12.” Attending to the relationship between the numerator and denominator will prepare pupils for comparing fractions with different denominators in year 6 (6F–3). Pupils should also be able to identify the multiplicative relationship between the pair of numerators, and understand that it is the same as that between the pair of denominators. Pupils should learn to find equivalent fractions of unit fractions by using one of these multiplicative relationships (the ‘vertical’ relationship between the numerator and denominator, or the ‘horizontal’ relationship between the pairs of numerators and denominators). In a similar way, pupils must then learn to find equivalent fractions of non-unit fractions.