L5 Spring Subtraction Problems within 20

This Year 1 maths lesson introduces children to solving subtraction word problems within 20 using practical resources, pictorial representations, and number lines. Building on the previous addition lesson, pupils first watch an engaging animation showing 12 ants, 3 leave the nest, 9 left over, and discuss key subtraction vocabulary such as left over and take away. They record the matching number sentence (12 – 3 = 9) to strengthen the connection between real-life stories and mathematical symbols. In the main teaching input, the teacher models subtraction problems like 14 – 8 = 6 using star stickers and counters before demonstrating how to count backwards on a number line. Children learn that subtraction means moving to the left and that, unlike addition, subtraction cannot be reordered. During the activity, pupils choose subtraction word problems, underline important information, and solve them independently using counters, number lines, or drawings. They record accurate subtraction sentences and may attempt multiple problems for fluency practice. The plenary introduces ten-frames as another visual subtraction method, demonstrating 18 – 5 = 13 by crossing out or removing counters. The session ends with reflection and discussion about preferred strategies, deepening conceptual understanding. The lesson also highlights common misconceptions —such as double-counting the starting number, confusing addition and subtraction, or assuming subtraction is commutative—so teachers can address errors promptly. By the end of the lesson, pupils confidently solve subtraction problems within 20 using a range of strategies and understand how subtraction connects to real-life contexts and earlier learning in addition.